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In July 2012, legislators from the governing United Russia party introduced draft legislation 102766-6 which requires non-profit organizations that receive foreign donations and engage in "political activity" to register as foreign agents. The law was passed on 13 July, and went into effect four months later. The law was not actively enforced until President Vladimir Putin instructed law-enforcement officials to do so during a speech to members of the Federal Security Service (Russia) on Valentine's Day, stating that ''"Any direct or indirect interference in our internal affairs, any form of pressure on Russia, our allies and partners is unacceptable."''〔 Once registered, NGOs are subject to additional audits and are obliged to mark all their official statements with a disclosure that it is being given by a "foreign agent". The word "foreign agent" (Иностранный агент) in Russian has strong associations with cold war-era espionage, and has been criticized both in Russia and internationally as representing a violation of human rights and being designed to counter opposition groups.〔 == Implications for NGOs == The foreign agent label increases registration barriers for an NGO in Russia. This includes restrictions on foreigners and stateless peoples from establishing or even participating in the organization. A NGO must then submit to extensive audits. Supervisory powers are allowed to intervene and interrupt the internal affairs of the NGO with suspensions for up to 6 months. Once labelled as foreign agents, organizations are obliged to mark all their publications and to begin each oral statement with a disclosure that it is being given by a "foreign agent". It also limits the way a foreign organization can make tax-exempt donations to specific people or the NGO by requiring them to register and be placed on a very limited list of approved organizations. Some NGOs report curtailed access to government officials and public institutions and continued harassment. NGO raids have been reported as being accompanied by television crews from state TV channel NTV.〔http://www.newsweek.com/russia-cracks-down-moscow-election-monitors-352039〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Russian foreign agent law」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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